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Electric Cars: Why They are the Best Alternatives

Electric cars, as the name indicates, are vehicles that work on electricity and whose only source of power is electricity. They are also known as battery electric vehicles. The most advantageous feature of electric cars is that they are zero emission vehicles and so, do not pollute the atmosphere.

The number of parts in an electric car is also less as against other hybrid cars or cars that run on gas. The noise from electric cars is almost negligible. Basically, an electric car is made up of a simple frame, wheels, an electric motor, car battery and an electric on and off switch. The engine of the electric car is made up of a series of batteries that are attached to an on and off switch and it is in turn, attached to a motor that is electrically operated. Obviously, the electric motor drives the wheels and sets the car in motion.

The amount of electricity that goes into the motor is controlled to drive the vehicle in a controlled manner. There are solar cars available that convert solar energy into electricity. The electricity that is stored within the battery of an electric car can be generated from any source, apart from solar, like nuclear, natural gas, coal and petroleum. 

Since electric cars have a low center of gravity, the initial acceleration is quite rapid and can be handled quite easily. But, the fact of the matter is, that the lithium ion batteries used in cars are very expensive making the overall price of the car expensive and these batteries have to be replaced once in three or four years. In addition, the charging of the battery takes almost three or four hours to fully recharge and therefore needs prior planning, if the electric car is to be used for longer distances.

This also means that the batteries can be charged only from the initial point of journey because there may not be too many charging stations on the way. People also feel that the electric cars are not most suitable for driving long distances and can be nightmarish, if the car runs out of battery or in the midst of busy traffic.

Normally, an electric car offers the equivalent of twenty miles per gallon and the cost to run a mile is nearly three cents. Further more; there is no expenditure on tune ups, oil changes and the like in an electric car. So, people who are environment friendly and want to paint a greener world can opt for an electric car.

The choice would not only be appreciated by others but it would also fill the pocket of the owner because it saves a lot of fuel in the long run. Even though man affords to purchase oil what with soaring oil prices, oil is a depleting natural resource and it is our duty to save this resource for our future generations.

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Benefits and Drawbacks of Hybrid Electric Cars

If you just listen to the car manufacturers, hybrid electric cars are the best and innovative invention since slice bread. Although, there many reasons to purchase an electric car, it is of great help to have the understanding of its benefits and drawbacks of hybrid electric cars and in owning these new “green vehicles.

Benefits of hybrid electric cars are normally fuel efficiency because they are composed of two motors, a gasoline motor and an electric powered motor. It is also equipped with special system to catch braking energy and store it on an onboard battery.

The main reason for two motors is both the strength and weakness of the two types. Distinctively, electric motors are not energy during idle times, they turn off and utilizes lesser at low speeds compared to gas motors. On the other hand, gas motors function better at high speeds and can generate more power for a specified motor weight. This simplifies, that in rush hours stop and go driving, electric motors work great and additionally, it helps in reducing smog levels because it does not produce any toxic exhaust. At higher speeds, typically above 40mph, the gas motor sets in and gives that bouncing feel making car owners go forward on driving on highway.

Another benefits of hybrid electric cars are the point for having gas motor, it charges the battery while the engine is on and is running. There are cases of electric car owners that have been stranded with just out extension cord of an outlet. Hybrid owners can neglect this annoyance because the gas motors starts automatically in replacement when the battery gets low and then goes forward to charge the battery, without the need to be plugged into the outlet.

On the contrary, drawbacks of hybrid electric cars are complex and expensive. It contains two motors and ancillary systems to handle them, a heavy battery and a regeneration system that will be used to generate electricity during breaking.

All of the systems need to work together, that is adding complexity, making it one of the drawbacks of hybrid electric cars. Although an ordinary car, as controlled by computers are getting more reliable, but they still suffer from inevitable failures. As, expect owners of hybrid cars have more time in repair shops and pay larger bills.

Indeed, benefits of hybrid electric cars include being the most gasoline efficient, getting 48 to 60mpg. It is only about 20% to 35% better than a gasoline powered vehicle. Let’s take Honda Civic for instance that gets 36mpg. When comparing prices, the hybrid costs from the range of ,000 to ,000 and the ordinary gas saver car costs ,000 to,000. The justification to buy an electric hybrid car becomes less clear.

So, in calculation of this benefits of hybrid electric cars, the discrepancy in the average annual fuel bills, 5 for a hybrid Honda Insight compared to the 5 for an ordinary Honda Civic means you can never compensate the added initial cost of a hybrid electric car. For the span of ten years, owning a hybrid will just save you only ,300, much lesser than the cost difference for equipped cars.

These benefits of hybrid electric cars just came from the improvements in aero dynamics, smaller gas engine and weight reduction. As a matter of fact, any car will have considerably better mileage by just reducing the engine size.

In other cases, car manufacturers are producing hybrid vehicles that use added energy as provided by the hybrid systems to cause the vehicle to boost its power, rather than improve the fuel efficiency. Boosting the power may then add as one of the benefits of hybrid electric cars.

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A quick look at the world of electric cars

The concept of electricity as a fuel for vehicles has been one of the most interesting ideas since a long time. It gained high significance following the fluctuating petrol and diesel prices and increasing awareness about environment among the people. The environmentalists have been vehemently supporting electricity as an alternative fuel. Thus, electric vehicles in general and electric cars in particular are popular throughout the world. Consequently, many electric vehicles have been manufactured and are being widely used across the world.

The demand for personal automobile, especially cars is increasing day by day following the availability of car finance and rising income of the people in India. In this situation, the most innovative idea of a car that runs, not on the conventional fuel like petrol and diesel, but on electricity is more than welcomed.

An ideal electric car for India is a basic, simple and reliable vehicle designed specially for local conditions using cutting edge technology and which is modular to incorporate and absorb newer technologies. The electric cars with a top speed of 40-60 kmph and a range of 50-80 km generally cover the city mobility requirements in India.

Here’s a quick look into the world of electric cars in India.

Reva

Maini Reva is India’s first electric car launched in 2001. A highly economical and environment friendly vehicle, Reva is an affordable car with the lowest running and maintenance cost. The hassles of servicing, getting the components checked and repairs will be things of the past with the Reva. There is no engine, clutch, radiator, exhaust system or carburetor. Thus the maintenance is easy and inexpensive. Reva’s Energy Management system (EMS) diagnoses and rectifies the problem of over discharging and helps in better maintenance. Further, Reva has safety features like steel space frame, side impact beams, dent-proof ABS body panels, a low voltage system, and a dual-braking system. Reva is available in REVAi Standard, REVAi AC and REVAi Classe models. The non air-conditioned base variant delivers 80 km on a full charge, while the other two air-conditioned variants will give about 60 km. Cute and super compact Reva which comfortably seat two adults and two kids offered in six colours.

Tesla Roadster

The Tesla Roadster is a high performance all-electric sports car manufactured by the electric car firm Tesla Motors and is the first car produced by the company. Tesla is the only production automaker already selling highway-capable EVs in North America or Europe. With 0-60 mph in 3.9 seconds, the Roadster outperforms almost all sports cars in its class yet is six times as energy efficient as gas guzzlers and delivers 244 miles per charge. It has 92% average efficiency and 85% at peak power.

The Tesla Roadster was developed with design assistance from Lotus Cars, who supplied the basic chassis development technology from the Lotus Elise. Launched on 19 July 2006, series production of the Tesla Roadster began on 17 March 2008. Tesla has delivered nearly 300 Roadsters, and nearly 1,000 more customers are on the wait list. Tesla Motors is now taking orders for the Model S, an all electric family sedan that carries seven people and travels 300 miles per charge. The Model S, which carries its charger onboard, can be recharged from any 120V, 240V or 480V outlet, with the latter taking only 45 minutes.

ZENN

ZENN (Zero Emission, No Noise) is a two-seat battery electric vehicle manufactured by ZENN Motor Company designed to qualify as a Neighborhood Electric Vehicle. It has a range of up to 40 miles (64 km) and does not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). The ZENN is a three-door hatchback with a standard 110-Volt outlet plug-in, completely rechargeable in approximately 8 hours from empty. A storage space of 30 cubic feet is available.

ZAP electric cars

The California-based ZAP (Zero Air Pollution) manufactures and sells Alias, Xebra Sedan, Xebra Solar Panel, Xebra Truck, ZAPTRUCK XL and ZAPVAN SHUTTLE electric cars. ZAPVAN Shuttle is the first 100% electric passenger van, exclusively from ZAP. Designed for utility and large capacity, this 5-passenger vehicle quickly converts to an all-cargo configuration as well and features larger slider doors on both sides.

Chevrolet Volt

GM’s Chevrolet is planning to bring out Volt, which will use a lithium-ion battery with a gasoline-powered, range-extending engine that drives a genrator to provide electric power. The Volt, expected to be launched in 2010, promises to go deliver beyond 40 miles and will be one of the most aerodynamic vehicles in GM history.

Fisker’s Karma

The California-based Fisker Automotive’s Karma uses Q-DRIVE plug-in hybrid technology, developed exclusively for Fisker Automotive by Quantum Technologies. A fully-charged Karma burns no fuel for the first 50 miles. After venture further, the gasoline engine turns a generator to charge the lithium ion battery. Once the 50-mile electric range has been exceeded, the car operates as a normal hybrid vehicle. This balance of electric and gas range makes it entirely possible that Karma drivers who charge their car overnight and commute less than 50 miles a day will achieve an average fuel economy of 100 mpg (2.4L/100km) per year.

TH!NK City

TH!NK City is a modern urban car with zero local emissions and an energy efficiency three times that of a traditional combustion engine car. A Norwegian model, TH!NK City is an innovative, sophisticated, high-tech compact electric vehicle that can travel up to 112 miles on a single charge. The car is designed, engineered and produced to have the lowest possible carbon footprint with recyclable plastic body panels and a fully recyclable interior. U.S. production is expected to start in 2010, with the first-year volume of 2,500 units being available to pilot and demonstration fleet projects.

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Why Electric Cars are Becoming More Popular

Electric cars have been announced repeatedly over the decades, but none has ever been successful.  It has only been in the last couple of years that this has changed, mainly due to heavy restrictions on emissions and the concern of global warming.  Several major companies are catching on to the possibilities of providing a clean running car and have added hybrid cars to their production lists.

The drivable distance of the car has always been a major obstacle when designing these vehicles.  Battery cell research has finally overtaken most of this obstacle.  New batteries are smaller, stronger, longer lasting, and recharge faster than ever before.  

Newer model electric cars are also much lighter which increases their range.  It may even be possible to take a trip and charge your battery while stopping for lunch with the faster charging models.

Driving an electric car comes with several advantages; there are also many perks to owning hybrid vehicles.  The ones listed below are the more commonly known:

Better Air Quality: They give off no emissions; many refer to them as ZEVs (zero emission vehicles).  Because they do not burn gasoline or diesel fuel, there are no exhaust fumes expelled into the atmosphere and no heat radiating from the engine.

More Fuel-Efficient: Producing, transporting, and refining petroleum fuels is more expensive that just producing electricity.  Electricity can also be produced from renewable sources, such as wind and solar power.  By reducing our use of gasoline, world demand would go down lowering oil costs.

Simpler Motor: Electric motors have many fewer moving parts than a gasoline engine.  That’s less to break and less to maintain.  Also, with electric cars, oil changes are a thing of the past.     

Safer: Since electric cars do not carry flammable fuel, there is no concern for large explosions during a crash.  Even in small accidents, fuel lines can break.  Gas engines are also unsafe in operation due to the high temperature at which they operate.  Radiators in gas cars are under extreme pressure due to the boiling water inside them.  Several people have received serious injuries from these hot cooling systems.  

Even the radiator’s cooling fan can be dangerous.  Everyone probably has heard a story of a pet or stray animal being killed after crawling up inside a warm engine in the winter.

Save on Taxes: The government now offers incentives in the form of tax credits for purchasing electric or hybrid cars – ,500 can be obtained for certain models.  Unlike a tax deduction, which only reduces gross income, the tax credit comes off the bottom line – your tax bill is reduced dollar-for-dollar by the tax credit.

Better Parking and Less Traffic: Several cities are offering incentives such as unrestricted carpool lane access to electric and hybrid car owners.  Some cities are also letting electric and hybrid vehicles to park free in pay lots and to park free by meters.

Quieter: Electric cars do not require the ignition of explosive fuel, as gasoline engines require, in order for the vehicle to move; so they are much quieter than a gas burning car.  In fact, the cars are virtually silent.  Imagine our cities without the sounds of cars and trucks to understand another benefit of electric cars.

National Security: If we can lower our demand of foreign oil we will no longer support regimes in third world countries that do not have our best interests at heart.  our governments reason for waging war in the Middle East will be shown to not be about oil but the eradication of terrorist organizations.

Infrastructure Already in Place: We already have an electric grid that reaches into almost every part of our country.  Battery charging stations would be easy to erect just about anywhere.  Another idea is to create hydrogen (a clean burning gas) fueled cars, but a whole new infrastructure would have to be created, and who is going to pay for its construction?

A Greener Car: The process of extracting oil from the ground, then transporting it from one continent to another, and eventually turning it into a useful fuel can create harmful effects to our environment.  Exe.., leaks in underground fuel storage tanks.

Our nation has energy problems and electric cars offer a safe, clean, low cost solution.  By combining electric cars with nuclear power plants, the pollution in our country caused by the used of fossil fuels will be reduced dramatically.

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How Electric Car Works

Electric cars are shown up in the news nowadays. The hybrid vehicles and especially the electric cars are talk of the town. The electric car is the best alternative for the petroleum cars. The reason for this includes many statements. The electric cars have a lot of advantages over the old fashioned petroleum cars. The popularity of the electric cars has reached almost all over the world. We are taught in schools about the alternative sources of energy. The alternative sources of energy are solar energy, gas energy, electrical energy, etc. The electric cars are the cars which can run on electricity. Actually the petroleum cars can also be converted into electric cars. It is very easy to convert a petroleum car into electric cars. Most of the petroleum cars are being converted into electrical cars as electrical cars is cost cutting.

It is almost not difficult to understand how an electric car works. The architecture of the electric car is quite different then the petroleum car. A electrical car is consist of lots of wiring. The electrical car has following main components:

Electric Motor
Motor Controller
Batteries

An electric car is powered by an electric motor while a petroleum car is powered by a petroleum engine. This is how an electric car defers from the petroleum car. Instead of a petroleum engine an electric motor is placed inside the electric car. The electric motor gets power from the controller. Number of rechargeable batteries provide power to the controller.

The controller gets the power from the batteries and gives it to the motor. The accelerator pedal is tied with a pair of potentiometers (variable resistors), which provides the signal for the controller how much power it is to to deliver.

The 300 volts dc current is inoput to the controller from the battery and  controller converts it into a maximum of 240 volts AC, three-phase, and  sends to the motor. Inside the controller there is a transistor which turns onand off rapidly. A connector connects these two potentiometers and the padal, when you push on the gas pedal, The controller gets information about how much power to deliver to the electric car’s motor from the potentionmeters. There are two potentiometers for the sake of safety. The controller checks the readings of the both potentiometers to be equal. If they are not, then the controller stops operating. When accsilator is pressed, the controller turns the switch on, and when it is removed, it would turn it off.

The batteries are the main sources of power for the electrical car. Number of rechargeable batteries provide power to the controller. The motor can use both AC and DC batteries. Batteries  run by chemicals such as lithiuem. You can recharge the batteries by just plugging in the wire to the electric socket.

In this article we discussed about the architecture and working of electrical cars. Hope that this information increased your knowledge about the electrical cars.

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